這一篇文獻-Nutritional Protocol for Asthma（Journal of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics）提到了關於氣喘的營養建議。
氣喘就是支氣管的過敏反應讓支氣管痙攣、黏膜水腫和黏液分泌增加，進而導致通氣量不足。而這和幾個因素有關：包括肥大細胞的發炎介質（特別是leukotrienes）、污染、壓力、花粉、昆蟲、食物過敏原、動物毛髮/毛皮/皮屑、食品添加物、肥胖等等。
其中飲食的部分可以看看以下的不專業整理：
1. 褪黑激素：可以減少黏液的產生 [1]。
2. 飲食：
a. 富含蔬果的飲食可減少慢性呼吸道疾病的風險 [2]。
b. 全素飲食可以減少氣喘的症狀，也可以減少用藥的需求 [3]。
c. 可能會造成過敏的食物: [4]
＊第一型過敏反應者：雞蛋、魚、貝類、堅果。
＊第四型過敏反應者：牛奶、巧克力、小麥、柑橘、食用色素。
＊其他可能的食物有：玉米、黑麥、大麥、乳製品、牛肉、酒精、大豆、食品防腐劑等。
3. 抗生素/益生菌
有研究指出懷孕期間服用抗生素會增加寶寶在7歲時發生氣喘的風險，補充益生菌（特別是Lactobacillus 和 Bifidobacterium）可以減少氣喘的風險 [5]。
4. Omega-3 脂肪酸：抗發炎、改善氣喘 [6]。（建議劑量：亞麻籽油 3000 mg t.i.d.＋400 IU 的 vitamin E/day）
5. 維生素 B6（Pyridoxine）：可以減少發炎性物質的產生 [7]。（建議劑量：100 mg/day）
6. 抗氧化物質（維生素 C, E beta-胡蘿蔔素, 鋅，硒，銅......）：有研究指出胡蘿蔔素會透過活化視網酸X受體 (RXR) 而修復受傷的上皮細胞，因此他對支氣管有正面的影響 [8]。
7. 其他維生素/礦物質：[9-15]
a. 鎂：可以幫助肌肉放鬆，建議劑量為 600–1000 mg/day。
b. 維生素 D：減少發炎物質的產生，同時增加抗發炎物質（interleukin-10）的濃度，建議劑量為 1200-1500 IU/ day。
Ref.
1. Shin IS, Park JW, Shin NR, Jeon CM, Kwon OK, et al. (2014) Melatonin inhibits MUC5AC production via suppression of MAPK signaling in human airway epithelial cells. J Pineal Res 56: 398-407.
2. Seyedrezazadeh E, Moghaddam MP, Ansarin K, Vafa MR, Sharma S, et al. (2014) Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of wheezing and asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 72: 411-428.
3. Lindahl O, Lindwall L, Spångberg A, Stenram A, Ockerman PA (1985) Vegan regimen with reduced medication in the treatment of bronchial asthma. J Asthma 22: 45-55.
4. Waserman S, Watson W (2011) Food allergy. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 7: S7.
5. Miraglia Del Giudice M, Indolfi C, Cuppari C, Campana G, et al. (2015) Probiotics and Allergic Respiratory Diseases. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents 29: 80-83.
6. Farjadian S, Moghtaderi M, Kalani M, Gholami T, Hosseini Teshnizi S (2016) Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on serum levels of T-helper cytokines in children with asthma. Cytokine 85: 61-66.
7. Saareks V, Ylitalo P, Mucha I, Riutta A (2002) Opposite effects of nicotinic acid and pyridoxine on systemic prostacyclin, thromboxane and leukotriene production in man. Pharmacol Toxicol 90: 338-342.
8. Nettesheim P, Koo JS, Gray T (2000) Regulation of differentiation of the tracheobronchial epithelium. J Aerosol Med 13: 207-218.
9. Das UN (2016) Beneficial action of magnesium sulfate in bronchial asthma: how and why? Am J Emerg Med 34: 1693.
10. V Valk RJ, Kiefte-de Jong JC, Sonnenschein-van der Voort AM, Duijts L, Hafkamp-de Groen E, et al. (2016) Magnesium nebulization utilization in management of pediatric asthma (MagNUM PA) trial: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial–childhood asthma and eczema. Trials 17: 261.
11. Liu X, Yu T, Rower JE, Sherwin CM, Johnson MD (2016) Optimizing the use of intravenous magnesium sulfate for acute asthma treatment in children. Pediatr Pulmonol 51: 1414-1421.
12. Solidoro P, Bellocchia M, Facchini F (2016) The immunobiological and clinical role of vitamin D in obstructive lung diseases. Minerva Med 107: 12.
13. Heffler E, Bonini M, Brussino L, Solidoro P, Guida G, et al. (2016) Vitamin D deficiency and exercise-induced laryngospasm in young competitive rowers. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 41: 735-740.
14. Prasad S, Rana RK, Sheth R, Mauskar AV (2016) A hospital based study to establish the correlation between recurrent wheeze and vitamin d deficiency among children of age group less than 3 years in indian scenario. J Clin Diagn Res 10: SC18-SC21.
15. Britt RD, Thompson MA, Freeman MR, Stewart AL, Pabelick CM, et al. (2016) Vitamin d reduces inflammation-induced contractility and remodeling of asthmatic human airway smooth muscle. Ann Am Thorac Soc 13: S97-S98.
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